SODIUM IS A METAL AND SULFUR IS A NON-METAL.
Why do we classify them this way?
For Sodium, it loses one valence electron and hence it becomes a positively charged ion. In this way, they achieve a noble gas structure, therefore belonging to the 'Metals' group.
CATIONS are formed by atoms losing electrons. They are formed from metals and there is no change in name.
As seen in the photo above, an atom becomes negatively charged when it gains electrons. Negatively charged electrons are called ANIONS.
As for Sulfur (2.8.6), it needs 2 electrons to achieve a full shell. So Sulfur accepts 2 electrons and becomes a negatively charged ion. Hence, belonging to the 'Non-Metal' group.
ANIONS are formed by atoms gaining electrons. They are formed from non-metals and they have a change of name.
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